Dental Encyclopedia · Periodontics
Periodontal Disease
Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease is a condition in which bacteria in plaque and calculus cause inflammation in the gums and the jawbone (alveolar bone). It is known to be divided into gingivitis, where inflammation is confined to the gums, and periodontitis, where the jawbone is destroyed as well.
In plain terms
Put simply, it is a disease in which bacteria gradually damage the gums and the bone beneath them. The gums swell and bleed, and if it is left alone the bone supporting the teeth dissolves and the teeth become loose.
Periodontal disease progresses as plaque built up on the tooth surface hardens into calculus and the bacteria within it cause inflammation in the gums and the alveolar bone. At the early stage (gingivitis) it can improve with scaling and care, but advanced periodontitis may require root planing or gum surgery.
Periodontal disease has the character of a chronic condition that recurs often, so regular maintenance at intervals of 3 to 6 months is known to be recommended. Smoking and diabetes can speed up its progression, so managing these together helps.
Frequently asked questions
- Q. If my gums bleed, does that mean periodontal disease?
- Bleeding gums when brushing is known as a common sign of gum inflammation (gingivitis or periodontitis). At an early stage it often improves with scaling and correct care, but if it is left alone the jawbone can be destroyed and the teeth can become loose, so a check-up is recommended. The exact condition is explained after a detailed periodontal examination.
This entry is for general information. Diagnosis and treatment depend on individual conditions.